Physical Activity and Sleep in Adults and Older Adults in Southern Brazil.

Good sleep quality is a well-known indicator of physical and mental health, well-being, and overall vitality. This study aimed to verify the association between the practice of physical activity and sleep duration and quality in adults and older adults in southern Brazil. A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out with 820 individuals of both sexes aged 18 years or more, where sociodemographic variables were collected and also health-related variables. This study included 523 (63.8%) women and 297 (36.2%) men, and the prevalence of adequate sleep hours was 41.5% (95%CI: 39.1; 44.9). People who performed leisure walking were 34% more likely to present adequate sleep duration (PR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.10; 1.64) compared to those who did not perform leisure walking. Individuals who met the recommendations for moderate or vigorous physical activity were more likely to have good sleep quality (PR: 1.16; 95%CI: 1.01; 1.34). Future health behavior modification strategies to improve sleep quality at the population level should consider encouraging lifestyle improvements, thus increasing the practice of physical activities.

High prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in university students of a nursing course / Elevada prevalência de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em universitários de enfermagem

Abstract Background The inadequate lifestyle of university students can contribute to the occurrence of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCD). Objective To evaluate the prevalence of NCD risk and prevention factors and verify gender differences for healthy habits among nursing students. Method A cross-sectional study with 974 nursing students. A self-administered questionnaire on health-related life habits was used in the study. Results Of the 974 students, 78.7% were women, 62.6% were between 20-29 years of age, 65.1% consumed alcohol, 57.4% did not do physical activity, and 34.7% were overweight. The women (41.9%) drank more full-fat milk, while the men drank more soft drinks and routinely consumed more meat with fat. The students who did not engage in physical activity smoked more (p<0.01), consumed less fruit (p<0.01), less salad (p<0.01), and less vegetables (p<0.01), and consumed more soft drinks (p=0.03), and meat with fat (p=0.04). In the physically inactive students, a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus (p=0.03) and high cholesterol (p<0.01) was observed. Conclusion The results show a clear profile of NCD risk factors among university students, highlighting the need to implement educational programs to reduce these factors.

Resumo Introdução O estilo de vida inadequado dos universitários pode contribuir para o aparecimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência de fatores de risco e proteção para DCNT e verificar as diferenças de gêneros em hábitos saudáveis de estudantes de enfermagem. Método Estudo transversal com 974 estudantes. Foi utilizado um questionário sobre os hábitos de vida relacionados à saúde. Resultados Dos 974 alunos, 78,7% eram mulheres, 62,6% com idade entre 20-29 anos, 65,1% consumiam álcool, 57,4% não realizavam atividade física (AF), e 34,7% tinham sobrepeso. As mulheres (41,9%) apresentavam maior prevalência no consumo de leite com gordura, e os homens consumiam mais refrigerante e tinham o hábito de comer mais carne com gordura. Os universitários que não realizavam AF fumavam mais (p<0,01), apresentavam consumo baixo de frutas (p<0,01), saladas (p<0,01) e verduras (p<0,01), e consumiam mais refrigerante (p=0,03) e carne com gordura (p=0,04). Observamos que os estudantes fisicamente inativos tinham elevada prevalência para desenvolverem diabetes mellitus (p=0,03) e colesterol elevado (p<0,01). Conclusão Os resultados mostram um perfil elevado de fatores de risco para DCNT entre os universitários, mostrando assim a necessidade de implementar programas educacionais, a fim de reduzir esses fatores.

Proposition of Cutoff Points for Anthropometric Indicators to Identify High Blood Pressure in Adolescents.

Aim: To propose cutoff points for anthropometric indicators for high blood pressure (HBP) screening in adolescents and to identify, among these indicators, those more accurately for boys and girls. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the city of São José, SC, Brazil with 634 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years. Blood pressure levels were measured using a digital oscillometric sphygmomanometer and adolescents were classified as having HBP or not. Anthropometric indicators were calculated based on anthropometric measurements such as body mass (BM), height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and triceps, subscapularis, suprailiac, and midcalf skinfold thickness (SF). The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) was used to analyze the predictive capacity of anthropometric indicators in the identification of HBP. Results: Higher values of Area Under the Curve (AUC) were for the anthropometric indicators BM (0.67; 95%CI: 0.62-0.72), body mass index (BMI) (0.67; 95%CI: 0.62-0.72), and WC (0.67; 95%CI: 0.62-0.71) for males. For females, no anthropometric indicator had discriminatory power for HBP screening. The cutoff points for the anthropometric indicators with discriminatory power for HBP screening in males were BM > 64.80 Kg, BMI > 21.76 Kg/m2, fat percentage (FP) > 15.75, waist height to ratio (WHtR) > 0.41, WC > 73.00 cm, and HC > 92.25 cm. Conclusion: Anthropometric indicators of body adiposity had greater discriminatory power of HBP screening in males. For females, caution is suggested because the anthropometric indicators showed AUC values (95%CI) below 0.60.

Physical activity and perceived environment among adults from a city in Southern Brazilian.

The article aimed to verify the association between physical activity (PA) and perceived environment among adults from a city in southern Brazil. This is a population-based cross-sectional study with 820 adults living in the city of Criciúma-SC. Perceived environment was assessed using the Neighborhood Environmental Walkability scale and PA in the leisure and transportation domains using the long version of the International PA Questionnaire. It was observed that the neighborhood with public spaces for the practice of physical exercises and dog walking was associated with higher prevalence of compliance with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines. The fact of having an invitation from friends and/or relatives for PA, sporting events and the habit of dog walking were associated with leisure-time walking. Access to places for the purchase of fresh fruits/ vegetables, light/diet foods, to have sidewalks in most streets, to have pedestrian crossings and sporting events in the neighborhood were associated with higher prevalence of active transportation. Conversely, places for snacks or fast food in the neighborhood were associated with lower prevalence of active transportation. The perception of environmental variables was associated with MVPA, walking and active transportation.

Physical activity and perceived environment among adults from a city in Southern Brazilian / Atividade física e percepção do ambiente em adultos de uma cidade do Sul do Brasil

Abstract The article aimed to verify the association between physical activity (PA) and perceived environment among adults from a city in southern Brazil. This is a population-based cross-sectional study with 820 adults living in the city of Criciúma-SC. Perceived environment was assessed using the Neighborhood Environmental Walkability scale and PA in the leisure and transportation domains using the long version of the International PA Questionnaire. It was observed that the neighborhood with public spaces for the practice of physical exercises and dog walking was associated with higher prevalence of compliance with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines. The fact of having an invitation from friends and/or relatives for PA, sporting events and the habit of dog walking were associated with leisure-time walking. Access to places for the purchase of fresh fruits/ vegetables, light/diet foods, to have sidewalks in most streets, to have pedestrian crossings and sporting events in the neighborhood were associated with higher prevalence of active transportation. Conversely, places for snacks or fast food in the neighborhood were associated with lower prevalence of active transportation. The perception of environmental variables was associated with MVPA, walking and active transportation.

Resumo O objetivo foi verificar a associação entre a prática de atividade física (AF) e a percepção do ambiente em adultos de uma cidade do Sul do Brasil. Estudo transversal de base populacional com 820 adultos, residentes na cidade de Criciúma-SC. A percepção do ambiente foi avaliada pela escala Neighborhood Environmental Walkability, e a AF no domínio do lazer e transporte ativo pela versão longa do Questionário Internacional de AF. Observou-se que o bairro com lugar público para a prática de exercícios físicos e o fato de passear com o cachorro estiveram associados a maiores prevalências de atendimento às recomendações de AF moderada à vigorosa (AFMV). O fato de ter convite de amigos e/ou parentes para AF, a realização de eventos esportivos e o hábito de passear com o cachorro estiveram associados à caminhada no lazer. O acesso a locais para aquisição de frutas/legumes frescos, alimentos light/diet, ter calçadas na maioria das ruas, ter faixas de segurança e ter eventos esportivos no bairro estiveram associados a maiores prevalências de deslocamento ativo. De forma contrária, lugares para lanches ou fast-food no bairro se associaram a menor prevalência de deslocamento ativo. A percepção de variáveis do ambiente esteve associada à AFMV, à prática de caminhada e ao transporte ativo.

Association between social capital indicators and depressive symptoms among Brazilian university students.

The study aimed to investigate the association between social capital indicators and depressive symptoms among university students from Brazil. The study drew on a sample of 579 randomly selected university students, from a greater crossnational study conducted in 2018. Students completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing depressive symptoms, indicators of social capital and lifestyle behaviors. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models. Indicators of social capital included trust, group membership and frequency of meeting friends. Four social capital indicators were significantly associated with clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Students who agreed that people are likely to take advantage of one another were more likely to report depressive clinically relevant symptoms (OR: 1.80, 95%CI: 1.00 - 3.23) as well as students who agreed that people are not willing to help in case needed (OR: 2.11, 95%CI: 1.02 - 4.36). Perceived stress, smoking and hazardous alcohol consumption were not associated with clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Social capital plays an important role in explaining depressive symptoms among Brazilian university students. The study suggests that creating trust and enhancing participation in social networks can be an important strategy for promoting mental health among university students investigated in this study.

Association between social capital indicators and depressive symptoms among Brazilian university students / Associação entre indicadores de capital social e sintomas depressivos entre estudantes universitários brasileiros

Abstract The study aimed to investigate the association between social capital indicators and depressive symptoms among university students from Brazil. The study drew on a sample of 579 randomly selected university students, from a greater crossnational study conducted in 2018. Students completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing depressive symptoms, indicators of social capital and lifestyle behaviors. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models. Indicators of social capital included trust, group membership and frequency of meeting friends. Four social capital indicators were significantly associated with clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Students who agreed that people are likely to take advantage of one another were more likely to report depressive clinically relevant symptoms (OR: 1.80, 95%CI: 1.00 - 3.23) as well as students who agreed that people are not willing to help in case needed (OR: 2.11, 95%CI: 1.02 - 4.36). Perceived stress, smoking and hazardous alcohol consumption were not associated with clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Social capital plays an important role in explaining depressive symptoms among Brazilian university students. The study suggests that creating trust and enhancing participation in social networks can be an important strategy for promoting mental health among university students investigated in this study.

Resumo O estudo investigou a associação entre indicadores de capital social e sintomas depressivos entre estudantes universitários do Brasil. Um estudo transversal foi conduzido com uma amostra de 579 estudantes universitários selecionados randomicamente em 2018. Os estudantes completaram questionários auto-administrados para avaliar sintomas depressivos, indicadores de capital social e comportamentos de estilos de vida. Os dados foram analisados usando modelos de regressão logística multivariada. Indicadores de capital social incluíam confiança, associações em grupos, frequência de encontrar com os amigos, entre outros. Quatro indicadores de capital social se associaram significativamente com relevantes sintomas clínicos de depressão. Estudantes que disseram que as pessoas tendem a tirar mais vantagens umas das outras eram mais propensas a relatar sintomas clínicos relevantes de depressão (OR: 1.80, 95%CI: 1.00 - 3.23), assim como estudantes que relataram que as pessoas não estão dispostas a ajudar caso precise de ajuda (OR: 2.11, 95%CI: 1.02 - 4.36). A autopercepção de estresse, o consumo de álcool e o fumo não se associaram aos sintomas clínicos de depressão. O capital social desempenha um papel importante na explicação dos sintomas depressivos entre os universitários brasileiros. O estudo sugere que promover confiança e aumentar a participação nas redes sociais pode ser uma estratégia importante para a promoção da saúde mental entre os universitários investigados neste estudo.

Lifestyle and risk behaviors for chronic noncommunicable diseases among healthcare undergraduates in Midwest, Brazil.

This study aimed to assess the lifestyle of undergraduate university students, and to investigate the prevalence of risk behaviors for chronic noncommunicable diseases. This cross-sectional study took place in Brasilia, with 2.163 healthcare undergraduates. We used a self-administered questionnaire for demographic variables, social class, behavioral data, self-perception of health and self-reported diseases. Given a total of 2.163 students, 69.3% were female, 65.4% were 20-29 years, men smoked more cigarettes (p < 0.01) and used more alcohol than women. We found significant differences in the consumption of beans (p < 0.04) and full-fat milk (p < 0.01) between females and males. Women also had more sedentary lifestyles (p < 0.01) and showed higher prevalences of overweight (33.8%) and obesity (5.0%). Students who did not engage in physical activity were more morbidities, overweight (p = 0.03), consumed more soft drinks (p < 0.01) and meat with excess fat (p = 0.01). University students were found to have unhealthy lifestyles. There is an urgent need for both a formulation and implementation of public health policies to promote health and improve student quality of life (QoL).

Lifestyle and risk behaviors for chronic noncommunicable diseases among healthcare undergraduates in Midwest, Brazil / Estilo de vida e comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis entre universitários da saúde na região Centro-Oeste, Brasil

Abstract This study aimed to assess the lifestyle of undergraduate university students, and to investigate the prevalence of risk behaviors for chronic noncommunicable diseases. This cross-sectional study took place in Brasilia, with 2.163 healthcare undergraduates. We used a self-administered questionnaire for demographic variables, social class, behavioral data, self-perception of health and self-reported diseases. Given a total of 2.163 students, 69.3% were female, 65.4% were 20-29 years, men smoked more cigarettes (p < 0.01) and used more alcohol than women. We found significant differences in the consumption of beans (p < 0.04) and full-fat milk (p < 0.01) between females and males. Women also had more sedentary lifestyles (p < 0.01) and showed higher prevalences of overweight (33.8%) and obesity (5.0%). Students who did not engage in physical activity were more morbidities, overweight (p = 0.03), consumed more soft drinks (p < 0.01) and meat with excess fat (p = 0.01). University students were found to have unhealthy lifestyles. There is an urgent need for both a formulation and implementation of public health policies to promote health and improve student quality of life (QoL).

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o estilo de vida dos universitários e investigar a prevalência de comportamentos de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Estudo transversal com 2.163 universitários da área de saúde da cidade de Brasília. Foi aplicado um questionário sobre as variáveis demográficas, classe social, comportamentos e autopercepção de saúde e doenças autorreferidas. Dos 2.163, 69,3% eram mulheres, 65,4% idade entre 20 a 29 anos, 66,8% consumiam álcool e 44,2% não realizavam atividade física. Os homens fumavam (p <0,01) e consumiam mais álcool do que as mulheres. Encontramos diferenças no consumo de feijão (p <0,04) e leite integral (p <0,01) entre homens e mulheres. Elas também apresentaram estilos de vida mais sedentários (p <0,01) e elevada prevalência de sobrepeso (33,8%) e obesidade (5,0%). Os estudantes que não praticavam atividade física tinham mais morbidades, estavam acima do peso (p = 0,03), consumiam mais refrigerantes (p <0,01) e carne com excesso de gordura (p = 0,01). Os estudantes têm adotado um estilo de vida pouco saudável. Observa-se a necessidade da elaboração e implantação de políticas públicas de promoção da saúde dentro da Universidade, com vistas à melhoria da saúde e da qualidade de vida dos universitários.

Perceived self-esteem, resilience and stress of students entering a nursing degree

This study aimed to evaluate perceived self-esteem, resilience and stress of students entering a nursing degree. Cross-sectional study with 122 students (104 women and 18 men) of the firstsemester of a private institution in Distrito Federal. Evaluations were performed in March 2019. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Resilience in Higher Education and Perceived Stress, as well as a socio-economic questionnaire were used. All procedures were carried out using the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and GraphPad Prism 6. The comparison of perceived stress between groups demonstrated that less stressed individuals were younger (19.1 ± 1.9 years old vs 22.5 ± 7.4; p = 0.030)and presented higher resilience scores (147.0 ± 16.3 vs 125.0 ± 22.5; p < 0.001). The comparison of self-esteem tertiles showed that individuals with better self-esteem were more resilient (146.0 ± 17.65 vs 133.85 ± 24.84; p = 0.037). Spearman's correlation demonstrated a negative relation between resilience score and perceived stress (r = -0.415 p = < 0.001). Students had already entered university presenting psychical deficits, such as increased stress and low self-esteem and resilience.

Global, regional, and national trends and patterns in physical activity research since 1950: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: National, regional and global scientific production and research capacity for physical activity - PA may contribute to improving public health PA policies and programs. There is an uneven distribution of research productivity by region and country income group, where countries with the highest burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to physical inactivity having low research productivity. A first step towards improving global research capacity is to objectively quantify patterns, trends, and gaps in PA research. This study describes national, regional and global trends and patterns of PA research from 1950 to 2019. METHODS: A systematic review using searches in PubMed, SCOPUS and ISI Web of Knowledge databases was conducted in August 2017 and updated between January and May 2020. The review was registered at the PROSPERO database number CRD42017070153. PA publications per 100,000 inhabitants per country was the main variable of interest. Descriptive and time-trend analyses were conducted in STATA version 16.0. RESULTS: The search retrieved 555,468 articles of which 75,756 were duplicates, leaving 479,712 eligible articles. After reviewing inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23,860 were eligible for data extraction. Eighty-one percent of countries (n = 176) had at least one PA publication. The overall worldwide publication rate in the PA field was 0.46 articles per 100,000 inhabitants. Europe had the highest rate (1.44 articles per 100,000 inhabitants) and South East Asia had the lowest (0.04 articles per 100,000 inhabitants). A more than a 50-fold difference in publications per 100,000 inhabitants was identified between high and low-income countries. The least productive and poorest regions have rates resembling previous decades of the most productive and the richest. CONCLUSION: This study showed an increasing number of publications over the last 60 years with a growing number of disciplines and research methods over time. However, striking inequities were revealed and the knowledge gap across geographic regions and by country income groups was substantial over time. The need for regular global surveillance of PA research, particularly in countries with the largest data gaps is clear. A focus on the public health impact and global equity of research will be an important contribution to making the world more active.

Perfil alimentar e inatividade física em mulheres universitárias na cidade de Brasília / Perfil alimentario y la inactividad física en mujeres universitarias de la ciudad de Brasilia / Food profile and physical inactivity in university women in the city of Brasília

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a associação entre perfil alimentar, atividade física e estado nutricional entre mulheres universitárias. Método Estudo transversal com 1500 mulheres. O questionário abordava questões sobre a vigilância de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas. As associações foram analisadas pelo teste qui-quadrado e análise de correspondência múltipla. Resultados Das 1500 mulheres, 64,3% tinham entre 20 e 29 anos. Aquelas fisicamente ativas consumiram mais frutas (p<0,01), salada (p<0,01) e vegetais/verduras (p<0,01), enquanto as fisicamente inativas consumiram mais refrigerantes (p<0,01), carne com gordura visível (p=0,03) e leite com gordura (p=0,04). As mulheres fisicamente inativas também apresentaram maior prevalência de diabetes mellitus (p<0,01), colesterol elevado (p<0,01) e dislipidemia (p=0,04). Conclusão e implicação para a prática As universitárias apresentaram comportamentos de risco a sua saúde, onde o consumo de álcool, baixo consumo de alimentos saudáveis ​​e a alta prevalência de inatividade física contribuíram para o aumento dos fatores de risco para doenças crônicas. Ações preventivas com a participação de uma equipe multidisciplinar ajudará na melhora da saúde no ambiente acadêmico.

Resumen Objetivo Analisar la asociación entre el perfil alimentario, la actividad física y el estado nutricional en mujeres universitarias. Método Estudio transversal con 1500 mujeres. El cuestionario abordó preguntas sobre la vigilancia de factores de riesgo y protección para las enfermedades crónicas. Las asociaciones se analizaron mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado y análisis de correspondencia múltiple. Resultados De las 1500 mujeres, el 64,3% tenía entre 20 y 29 años. Las físicamente activas consumieron más frutas (p<0,01), ensalada (p<0,01) y verduras (p<0,01), mientras que las físicamente inactivas consumieron más refrescos (p<0,01), carne con grasa visible (p=0,03) y leche con grasa (p=0,04). Las mujeres físicamente inactivas también tenían una mayor prevalencia de diabetes mellitus (p<0,01), colesterol alto (p<0,01) y dislipidemia (p=0,04). Conclusión e implicación para la práctica Las estudiantes universitarias mostraron conductas de riesgo para su salud, donde el consumo de alcohol, el bajo consumo de alimentos saludables y la alta prevalencia de inactividad física contribuyeron al aumento de los factores de riesgo para las enfermedades crónicas. Las acciones preventivas con la participación de un equipo multidisciplinario ayudarán a mejorar la salud en el entorno académico.

Abstract Objective To analyze the association between the food profile, physical activity and weight status among university women. Method This cross-sectional study, included 1.500 Brazilian women. We used a self-administered questionnaire. All questions were obtained from the surveillance of risk and protection factors for chronic diseases survey through telephone interviews. The association was analyzed using chi-square tests and multiple correspondence analysis. Results The sample included 1.500 college women, 64.3% aged 20-29 years. Physically active participants consumed more fruit (p<0.01), salad (p<0.01) and vegetables/greens (p<0.01), whereas physically inactive participants consumed more soft drinks (p<0.01), meat with visible fat (p=0.03) and full fat milk (p=0.04). Physically inactive women also had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (p<0.01), high cholesterol (p<0.01) and dyslipidemia (p=0.04). Conclusion and implication for practice The students showed behaviors that put their health at risk, where alcohol consumption, low consumption of healthy foods and high prevalence of physical inactivity contributed to an increase in risk factors for chronic diseases. Preventive actions with the participation of a multidisciplinary team will help to improve health in the academic environment.

Associations Between Social Capital and Depressive Symptoms Among College Students in 12 Countries: Results of a Cross-National Study.

INTRODUCTION: A mental health crisis has hit university campuses across the world. This study sought to determine the prevalence and social determinants of depressive symptoms among university students in twelve countries. Particular focus was placed on the association between social capital and depressive symptoms. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among students at their first year at university in Europe, Asia, the Western Pacific, and Latin and North America. Data were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire, including questions on sociodemographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, and social capital. The simplified Beck's Depression Inventory was used to measure the severity of depressive symptoms. Social capital was assessed using items drawn from the World Bank Integrated Questionnaire to Measure Social Capital. Multilevel analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between social capital and depressive symptoms, adjusting for individual covariates (e.g., perceived stress) and country-level characteristics (e.g., economic development). RESULTS: Among 4228 students, 48% presented clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Lower levels of cognitive (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.44-2.29) and behavioral social capital (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.29-1.76) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. The likelihood of having depressive symptoms was also significantly higher among those living in regions with lower levels of social capital. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that lower levels of individual and macro-level social capital contribute to clinically relevant depressive symptoms among university students. Increasing social capital may mitigate depressive symptoms in college students.

Eating habits, physical activity and sedentary behavior among Brazilian schoolchildren: National Student Health Survey, 2015. / Hábitos alimentares, atividade física e comportamento sedentário entre escolares brasileiros: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar, 2015.

INTRODUCTION: Urbanization and industrialization have contributed to changes in eating patterns, as well as the emergence of sedentary behaviors and reduced physical activity. OBJECTIVES: To identify and describe the prevalence of eating habits, physical activity and sedentary behavior in Brazilian schoolchildren, and to analyze their association with sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: Data from the National Student Health Survey (PeNSE) of 2015 were used. Prevalence rates, prevalence ratios, and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. The analyses were adjusted for age and maternal schooling. RESULTS: The majority of adolescents: consumed beans (65.1%) and snacks (52.3%); had more than three days of physical education at school (50.7%); practiced physical activity out of school for more than three days (55.4%); had a sedentary behavior (73.3%); and, had physical activity during 60min/day for less than four days a week (72.7%). In general, girls were more exposed to unhealthy eating habits and sedentary behavior, and a higher socioeconomic level was associated with higher prevalence of the indicators studied. High consumption of unhealthy foods, increased sedentary behavior and reduction in the practice of physical activity. CONCLUSION: An association of unhealthy attitudes with sociodemographic characteristics was observed among schoolchildren. Strategies that focus on reducing these behaviors will contribute to health promotion actions in the school and family environments.

Hábitos alimentares, atividade física e comportamento sedentário entre escolares brasileiros: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar, 2015 / Eating habits, physical activity and sedentary behavior among Brazilian schoolchildren: National Student Health Survey, 2015

RESUMO: Introdução: A urbanização e a industrialização colaboraram para a alteração nos padrões de alimentação, bem como para o surgimento de comportamentos sedentários e a redução da atividade física. Objetivos: Identificar e descrever a prevalência de hábitos alimentares, prática de atividade física e comportamento sedentário em escolares brasileiros e analisar sua associação com as características sociodemográficas. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar de 2015. Foram calculadas prevalências, razões de prevalências e intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). As análises foram ajustadas para idade escolaridade materna. Resultados: A maioria consumia feijão (65,1%) e guloseimas (52,3%), teve mais de três dias de aula de Educação Física escolar (50,7%), realizava atividade física fora da escola por mais de três dias (55,4%), tinha comportamento sedentário (73,3%) e realizava atividade física durante 60 min/dia por menos de quatro dias na semana (72,7%). Em geral, as meninas estavam mais expostas a práticas alimentares não desejáveis e ao comportamento sedentário, e o melhor nível socioeconômico associou-se a maiores prevalências dos indicadores estudados. Elevado consumo de alimentos não saudáveis, aumento do comportamento sedentário e redução na prática de atividade física. Conclusão: Observou-se associação de atitudes não saudáveis com características sociodemográficas entre os escolares. Estratégias que foquem na redução desses comportamentos irão contribuir para ações de promoção da saúde nos ambientes escolar e familiar.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Urbanization and industrialization have contributed to changes in eating patterns, as well as the emergence of sedentary behaviors and reduced physical activity. Objectives: To identify and describe the prevalence of eating habits, physical activity and sedentary behavior in Brazilian schoolchildren, and to analyze their association with sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: Data from the National Student Health Survey (PeNSE) of 2015 were used. Prevalence rates, prevalence ratios, and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. The analyses were adjusted for age and maternal schooling. Results: The majority of adolescents: consumed beans (65.1%) and snacks (52.3%); had more than three days of physical education at school (50.7%); practiced physical activity out of school for more than three days (55.4%); had a sedentary behavior (73.3%); and, had physical activity during 60min/day for less than four days a week (72.7%). In general, girls were more exposed to unhealthy eating habits and sedentary behavior, and a higher socioeconomic level was associated with higher prevalence of the indicators studied. High consumption of unhealthy foods, increased sedentary behavior and reduction in the practice of physical activity. Conclusion: An association of unhealthy attitudes with sociodemographic characteristics was observed among schoolchildren. Strategies that focus on reducing these behaviors will contribute to health promotion actions in the school and family environments.

Perfil de componentes metabólicos e fatores de risco cardiovascular em servidoras de uma instituição particular do Distrito Federal / Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors among female employees of a private educational institution in the Federal District, Brazil

Introdução: A síndrome metabólica está independentemente associada ao diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e às doenças cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Identificar a frequência dos componentes da síndrome metabólica e o perfil de fatores de risco cardiovascular em servidoras de uma instituição particular de ensino do Distrito Federal. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 120 mulheres com idade entre 20 e 59 anos, que atuavam no setor administrativo e terceirizado da instituição. Foi aplicado um questionário com dados demográficos, socioeconômicos, antropométricos e estilo de vida. Verificamos também as medidas da pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica e exames bioquímicos. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 120 funcionárias, entre 31 e 40 anos (47,5%), e 74 (61,7%) referiram ser da cor parda. Em relação ao estilo de vida, 73,3% foram classificadas como insuficientemente ativas; 81,7% não fumavam e 65% afirmaram ingerir álcool 3 vezes por semana. De acordo com os dados antropométricos, 40% apresentavam circunferência abdominal elevada, e 43,3%, excesso de peso. Sobre os dados bioquímicos, 26,7% estavam com a glicemia elevada; 56,7%, com taxa de triglicerídeos elevada; 61,7%, com HDL-colesterol baixo. Em relação aos dados pressóricos, 10,1% apresentaram níveis pressóricos limítrofes. Houve associação das variáveis socioeconômicas e de estilo de vida com a quantidade de componentes da síndrome metabólica, a faixa etária e atividade física (p<0,05). Conclusão: As participantes apresentaram elevados componentes para síndrome metabólica e fatores de risco cardiovascular. Assim, é imprescindível a implementação de políticas públicas para a promoção, a proteção e o apoio às trabalhadoras, que, em médio e em longo prazo, proporcione melhores condições de trabalho e de vida.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is independently associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Objective: To establish the frequency of MetS components and cardiovascular risk profile of female employees of a private educational institution in the Federal District, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study performed with 120 female workers aged 20 to 59 years old allocated to the administration and outsourced departments. We administered a questionnaire to investigate demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics, and performed anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical measurements. Results: The sample comprised 120 participants, the largest proportion were aged 31 to 40 years old (47.5%) and 74 (61.7%) participants reported to be brown skinned. About 73.3% of the participants were rated insufficiently active, 81.7% reported not to smoke and 65% to consume alcohol 3 times/week. About 40% of the sample exhibited increased waist circumference and 43.3% excess weight. About 26.7% of the participants exhibited high blood sugar, 56.7% high triglyceride and 61.7% low HDL levels. About 10.1% of the sample exhibited borderline blood pressure levels. We found association between number of MetS components and age range and physical activity (p<0.05). Conclusion: The participants exhibited a large number of MetS components and cardiovascular risk factors, high prevalence of excess weight, sedentary lifestyle and lipid profile abnormalities. Implementing public policies for health promotion, protection and support for workers likely to improve their working and living conditions in the medium and long term is indispensable

Weight status, physical activity and eating habits of young adults in Midwest Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To assess weight status and eating habits of undergraduate university students in relation to gender and examine the relationships between weight status, physical activity and eating habits. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study conducted between October 2016 and May 2017. SETTING: Young adults in Midwest Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: Undergraduate university students (n 2163) majoring in health care. RESULTS: Among 2163 students, 69·3 % were female, 65·4 % were aged 20-29 years, 66·8% consumed alcohol and 44·2% did not achieve more than 150 min of physical activity per week. We found significant differences in the consumption of beans (P < 0·04) and full-fat milk (P < 0·01) between women and men. Women also had more sedentary lifestyles (P < 0·01) and showed higher prevalence of overweight (33·8 %) and obesity (5·0 %) than men. Students who did not engage in physical activity were more overweight (P = 0·03), consumed more soft drinks (P < 0·01) and meat with excess fat (P = 0·01). There was a positive association between weight status and fruit (P = 0·02), salad (P < 0·01), greens/vegetables (P < 0·01) and beans (P < 0·01) intake. CONCLUSIONS: The low level of physical activity and unhealthy eating patterns reported by the study participants were inconsistent with the national recommendations for a healthy active lifestyle for adults and may contribute to the increasing rate of overweight and obesity in this population. A joint effort between universities and all relevant government agencies is needed to develop and promote school- and community-based interventions.

Prevalence of osteoporosis in older postmenopausal women / Prevalência de osteoporose em mulheres idosas na pós-menopausa / Prevalencia de osteoporosis en mujeres mayores en la postmenopausia

Objective: To identify the prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and its association with risk factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 115 older postmenopausal women who participated in the extension project of the Federal District University Center lasting one year, starting in 2017. Bone mineral density was measured using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry technique on lumbar spine (L1-L4) and femoral neck. Risk factors for low density were evaluated through interviews. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-squared test (p<0.05). Results: The mean age was 67.8 ± 8.4 years and mean time since menopause was 16.7 ± 6.2 years. Mean bone mineral density was -0.96 ± 1.42 in the femoral neck and -1.25 ± 1.75 in the lumbar spine (L1-L4). The prevalence of low density was 66.9% for the lumbar spine and 52.1% for the femoral neck. We found a significant difference in age (50.5% between 51 and 55 years and low density), physical inactivity (82.9%), personal history of fracture in the last 5 years (31.2% with low density) and body mass index - overweight among women with normal bone mineral density (44.7%) when compared with those with low density (p<0.001). Conclusion: Postmenopausal women had a high prevalence of low bone mineral density and associated risk factors.

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência de osteoporose em mulheres na pós-menopausa e sua associação com fatores de risco. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 115 idosas na pós-menopausa que participavam do projeto de extensão do Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal, com duração de um ano, com início em 2017. Mensurou-se a densidade mineral óssea pelo Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry em coluna lombar (lombar 1 a lombar 4) e colo do fêmur. Por meio de entrevista, avaliaram-se fatores de risco para baixa densidade. Na análise estatística, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson(p<0,05). Resultados: A média de idade encontrada é de 67,8 ± 8,4 anos e o tempo de menopausa de 16,7 ± 6,2 anos. A média de densidade mineral óssea é de -0,96 ± 1,42 no colo do fêmur e de -1,25 ± 1,75 na coluna lombar (L1-L4). A prevalência de baixa densidade é de 66,9% para coluna lombar e de 52,1% para colo de fêmur. Encontrou-se diferença significativa na idade (50,5% tinham entre 51 a 55 anos e baixa densidade), inatividade física (82,9%), história pessoal de fratura nos últimos 5 anos (31,2% com baixa densidade) e observou-se o índice de massa corpórea - sobrepeso entre mulheres com densidade mineral óssea normal (44,7%) quando comparadas àquelas com baixa densidade (p<0,001). Conclusão: As mulheres na pósmenopausa apresentaram elevada prevalência de baixa densidade mineral óssea e fatores de risco associados.

Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de osteoporosis en mujeres en la postmenopausia y su asociación con factores de riesgo. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado con 115 mujeres mayores en la postmenopausia que participaron del proyecto de extensión del Centro Universitario del Distrito Federal con duración de un año e inicio en 2017. Se ha mensurado la densidad mineral ósea por el Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry en la columna lumbar (primera vértebra lumbar hasta la cuarta) y el cuello femoral. Se evaluaron los factores de riesgo para la densidad baja a través de entrevista. Se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson (p<0,05) para el análisis estadístico. Resultados: La media de edad encontrada ha sido de 67,8 ± 8,4 años y el tiempo de menopausia de 16,7 ± 6,2 años. La media de la densidad mineral ósea ha sido de -0,96 ± 1,42 para el cuello femoral y de -1,25 ± 1,75 para la columna lumbar (L1-L4). La prevalencia de densidad baja es del 66,9% para la columna lumbar y del 52,1% para el cuello femoral. Se encontró diferencia significativa para la edad (50,5% tenían entre 51 y 55 años y baja densidad), la inactividad física (82,9%), la historia personal de fractura en los últimos 5 años (31,2% con densidad baja) y se observó el índice de masa corporal ­ sobrepeso entre mujeres de densidad mineral ósea normal (44,7%) comparadas con aquellas de densidad baja (p<0,001). Conclusión: Las mujeres en la postmenopausia presentaron elevada prevalencia de densidad mineral ósea baja y los factores de riesgo asociados.

Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors among female employees of a private educational institution in the Federal District, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is independently associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: To establish the frequency of MetS components and cardiovascular risk profile of female employees of a private educational institution in the Federal District, Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study performed with 120 female workers aged 20 to 59 years old allocated to the administration and outsourced departments. We administered a questionnaire to investigate demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics, and performed anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical measurements. RESULTS: The sample comprised 120 participants, the largest proportion were aged 31 to 40 years old (47.5%) and 74 (61.7%) participants reported to be brown skinned. About 73.3% of the participants were rated insufficiently active, 81.7% reported not to smoke and 65% to consume alcohol 3 times/week. About 40% of the sample exhibited increased waist circumference and 43.3% excess weight. About 26.7% of the participants exhibited high blood sugar, 56.7% high triglyceride and 61.7% low HDL levels. About 10.1% of the sample exhibited borderline blood pressure levels. We found association between number of MetS components and age range and physical activity (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The participants exhibited a large number of MetS components and cardiovascular risk factors, high prevalence of excess weight, sedentary lifestyle and lipid profile abnormalities. Implementing public policies for health promotion, protection and support for workers likely to improve their working and living conditions in the medium and long term is indispensable.

INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome metabólica está independentemente associada ao diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e às doenças cardiovasculares. OBJETIVO: Identificar a frequência dos componentes da síndrome metabólica e o perfil de fatores de risco cardiovascular em servidoras de uma instituição particular de ensino do Distrito Federal. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 120 mulheres com idade entre 20 e 59 anos, que atuavam no setor administrativo e terceirizado da instituição. Foi aplicado um questionário com dados demográficos, socioeconômicos, antropométricos e estilo de vida. Verificamos também as medidas da pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica e exames bioquímicos. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 120 funcionárias, entre 31 e 40 anos (47,5%), e 74 (61,7%) referiram ser da cor parda. Em relação ao estilo de vida, 73,3% foram classificadas como insuficientemente ativas; 81,7% não fumavam e 65% afirmaram ingerir álcool 3 vezes por semana. De acordo com os dados antropométricos, 40% apresentavam circunferência abdominal elevada, e 43,3%, excesso de peso. Sobre os dados bioquímicos, 26,7% estavam com a glicemia elevada; 56,7%, com taxa de triglicerídeos elevada; 61,7%, com HDL-colesterol baixo. Em relação aos dados pressóricos, 10,1% apresentaram níveis pressóricos limítrofes. Houve associação das variáveis socioeconômicas e de estilo de vida com a quantidade de componentes da síndrome metabólica, a faixa etária e atividade física (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: As participantes apresentaram elevados componentes para síndrome metabólica e fatores de risco cardiovascular. Assim, é imprescindível a implementação de políticas públicas para a promoção, a proteção e o apoio às trabalhadoras, que, em médio e em longo prazo, proporcione melhores condições de trabalho e de vida.